K.4 Addition and Subtraction

K.4  The student models addition (joining) and subtraction (separating)
PK	K	1
V.B1  child uses concrete models or makes a verbal word problem for adding up to 5 objects V.B2  child uses concrete models or makes a verbal word problem for subtracting  1 to 5 objects form a set	K.4A  model and create addition and subtraction problems in real situations with concrete objects  2nd 9 weeks - Addition (join sets to 10) 3rd 9 weeks - Subtraction (seperating sets to 10)	1.3A  model and create addition and subtraction problem situations with concrete objects and write corresponding number sentences. 1.3B  use concrete and pictorial models to apply basic addition and subtraction facts
Model addition problems in real situations with concrete objects Create addition problems in real situations with concrete objects Model subtraction problems in real situations with concrete objects Create subtraction problems in real situations with concrete objects

Activities:

Simple word problem: If I have 4 cars and I take 1 away, how many will I have left?

• Step 1: Use story mats with counters - as teacher tells a simple story the students use manipulatives to join or seperate depending on the story.
• Step 2: Use fingers to show children how to put together a subtraction problem (holds up 4 fingers and takes away 1 finger to show 3 are left)
• Step 3: Teacher provides counters and asks child to devise a story using the objects

Vocabulary:  addition - join  (motion your hand coming together)
                       subtraction - seperate (motion your hand moving apart)

Once students are successful creating addition and subtraction stories verbally, then move on to writing the number sentence with words:   3 and 2 make 5    or   4 seperate 1 is 3
After students understand the vebage teacher can introduce signs: +, -, =

Anchor Stations:

K.3 Equal Parts

K.3 the student recognizes that there are quantities less than a whole
PK	K	1
V.E 2  Child uses informal strategies to share or divide up to 10 items equally	K.3A  share a whole by separating into two equal parts	1.2A  separate a whole into two, three or four equal parts and use appropriate language to describe the parts such as “three out of four equal parts” 1.2B use appropriate language to describe part of a set such as three out of the eight crayons are red
share a whole by separating it into 2 equal parts

Activities:

• Teacher will bring a chocolate bar (snickers, hersheys, kit kat) and talk about sharing it equally between two people.  Stress the vocabulary whole chocolate and two equal parts.  Then cut the chocolate bar into two equal parts.
• Extension:  cut a chocolate bar into two un-equal parts and have a class discussion as to why this this not fair.

• Then do the same activity with a cookie (chocolate chip, oreo).  Afte the teacher modles, give students a paper cookie and have them share a whole cookie into two equal parts by drawing a line through the middle and then cutting in half.
• Questions:
• How many whole parts?
• How many equal parts? 

Anchor Stations:

• Provide different food items that need to be shared equally between two friends (pizza, banana, burrito, etc)

K.12 A Graphs (Readiness) - Continuous Standard

K.12 the student constructs and uses graphs of real objects or pictures to answer questions.
PK	K	1
V.E 2  Child collects data and organizes it in a graphic representation	K.12A  construct graphs using real objects or pictures in order to answer questions K.12B  use information from a graph of real objects or pictures in order to answer questions **Relates to unit of study	1.9A  collect and sort data 1.9B  use organized data to construct real-object graphs, picture graphs, and bar-type graphs 1.10A  draw conclusions and answer questions using information organized in real-object graphs, picture graphs, and bar-type graphs
Construct graphs using real objects Construct graphs using pictures Use information from a graph of real objects or pictures Answer questions

Activities:

• Students go on a nature walk and pick up leaves of varying size, color, and shape.  Teacher laminates the leaves.  Students graph the leaves based on size, color, shape etc.
• Graph varying objects such as, M&Ms, colored goldfish, buttons, shapes etc.
• ask questions about the graph
• Which one has the most?
• Which one has the least?
• Graph objects by relative size.  Show an object to the students and discuss other objects that are shorter or longer than that object.  Graph responses as shorter or longer.

Anchor Stations: